 frameworks available in the market these days. It is a quite tricky and complex task to choose an appropriate web framework for a preferred web app development. The selection of a framework also depends on the scenarios. For example, if you are a developer and looking to leverage all your development skills in a web app development career, you might go with the most popular framework available, which fits your profile and requirements.

But, if you are an organization or enterprise. You should choose a framework, which fit with the goals and resources of your organization and will be maintained for a few upcoming years.

The basic criteria to choose a web development framework are as follows:

The framework must be well adapted and mainstream in the industry.

The web development framework must be highly stable and popular.

The framework must not fall under the legacy category. For example, jQuery.

Also, You must avoid frameworks, which cannot be maintained in future such as AngularJS, ASP.NET, etc.

In this article, we are going to mention some of the best web app development frameworks to use in 2022 for both the developers like you and enterprise.

Web applications are becoming more important with each passing day as compared to earlier. With continuous increment in the advancement of web frameworks, the web development level for creating and deploying web apps is also increasing at a rapid rate.

Frameworks are responsible for allowing the developers or programmers to develop scalable, robust, intuitive, and interactive application software on both the backend and frontend. These web app frameworks are designed in order to support the application development like web services, web APIs, and web resources. Hence, these frameworks play a vital role in the entire web app development process by making it seamless and efficient.

Are you facing issues in choosing the correct framework that is suitable for your web app development?

This blog deals with some of the top web app development frameworks that are available currently, in a wide variety of languages.

So, before moving further, let us start with some basic knowledge of web app frameworks.

A web framework is responsible for supporting the entire creation, development process, and publishing of web sites and web applications efficiently. In simpler words, a web framework is a software that provides an accessible and standard way of building web applications. A web framework can be customizable as well and allows you to input a number of unique tools and features.

What Are The Popular Web Development Frameworks?

Frontend and Backend web frameworks are the most popular web app development frameworks available on today’s date.

Frontend refers to the application’s or web site’s area with which the users can directly interact. Earlier, the programmers were needed to write the code manually in order to make these behaviors and interactions usable. With frontend web frameworks, you, as a developer can reduce the complexity of the tasks with the help of a pre-written code.

Here are some of the top frontend web app development frameworks:


Backend web frameworks are termed as the server-sided frameworks, which are used for the backend development of web applications and web sites. Unlike other frameworks, these frameworks offer flawless tools in order to assist with the web tasks’ development like security, database interactions, user authorization, URL routing, and more such tasks.

Here are some of the top backend web development frameworks:

Progressive Web Apps (PWA) are the combination of new technologies and best practices for designing reliable, engaging, and accessible user experiences. PWAs are also responsible for providing a native-like user experience with the help of an opt-in installation flow, which is user-friendly.

In simpler words, PWA is a web application that uses manifests, service workers, and several other features of web-platform with the combination of progressive enhancement in order to provide the same user experience as of native apps. Progressive web apps are:

Which Are The Best Web Frameworks To Use In 2022?



Whether you are a beginner in web app development or a professional, you might face the challenges of choosing the right web app development framework because of a large number of frameworks availability. Here are our top picks that you may select in order to build robust and scalable web applications:

The below graph shows you the worldwide popularity stars from (0K – 200K) for every web app development framework.


Now, let us understand all of these web frameworks in detail for more clarity.

In-Depth Analysis of AEM/CQ Technology Stack

In our list of top web app development frameworks, 

is at the first position with the most helpful and dynamic web app frontend framework. It is an open-source and widely adopted web framework developed by Google. It possesses a component and structural architecture in order to build perfect, robust, scalable, and enterprise-oriented web applications.

AngularJS allows you, as a developer, to create web apps with top-notch features such as MVC pattern, dependency injection, and directives. You can use these features mainly while building single-page web applications.

AngularJS is also responsible for utilizing Typescript and JavaScript along with other technologies such as Angular CLI in order to make the code packages and modules hassle free for the programmer.

 is also one of the most popular web frameworks after AngularJS in the list of top web app development frameworks. Maintained and developed by Facebook, React is a JavaScript library for implementing the view layer of the web in a component-oriented way. React possesses a slogan “Learn Once, Write Anywhere”, which signifies that the developers can use this framework in order to build applications for various User Interfaces such as Web, desktop, mobile, SMART TV, etc.

React also plays a vital role in offering the perfect server-side rendering along with impeccable SEO support. It is a disruptive framework, which is responsible for making one-way data binding, immutable state, and declarative programming comprehensively popular.

This web app framework is another best choice for developing web apps after AngularJS and React.js. The person behind developing 

 is Evan You. This client-side framework is an Model-View-View-Model and based on JavaScript. It is a community-driven web app development framework, which is designed by combining the

 parts of AngularJS and React respectively.

is also one of the best Progressive Web App (PWA) development JavaScript-based frameworks and offers top-notch documentation. It is also among some of the lightest web app development frameworks that exist at just 20KB.

Although it is very popular among many software engineers, Facebook and Google still do not support Vue.js currently. However, it is likely to change in the near future.

 is a flawless Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework, which is responsible for utilizing the PHP programming language for developing robust, scalable, and interactive web applications. Taylor Otwell is the person behind releasing this developer-friendly and excellent framework in the year 2011.

It’s Laracasts tutorial library includes enormous resources, videos, and much more, which possess various Laravel-compatible frontend technologies. Additionally, Laravel also leverages the API support.

From hassle-free debugging to Hybrid app development environment, Laravel includes everything that you need for intuitive application development. For example, subscription billing, OAuth2 implementation, and everything else that you think your web app or website must have is created natively using Laravel web app framework.

 is a top-notch Python-based web development framework. It was designed by Simon Willison and Adrian Holovaty in 2005. It is a backend web development framework, which follows a Model-Template-View (MTV) architectural pattern. In the past few years, the adoption for Python has been increasing at a rapid rate.

Because of several intuitive features that Django offers, it is currently one of the most widely adopted backend frameworks for developing scalable web apps and websites. Django is also known as the “Batteries Included” framework and provides Object-Relational-Mapping (ORM), Caching, Middleware, and Security for developing quicker and top-quality applications.

 is a micro-web framework based on the Python programming language, which was created by Armin Ronacher in 2010. This micro-framework does not require any libraries or particular tools. This server-side framework is also becoming popular with the increasing demand for Python.

 is also responsible for supporting pluggable Extensions. This impeccable framework also uses Werkzeug for handling HTTP and Jinja2 as a template engine. Flask also features an extensible CLI that helps the programmer in accessing the application with ease.

Best Web App Development Frameworks In 2022

The 21st century is about innovation. Nowadays everything is about new technology, and mobile app developers are persistently looking for newer development cycles, better time efficiencies, better application execution, and more pleasing user experience and stratification. There can be no greater cross-platform framework for the latest mobile app development than React Native.

React Native is an open-source framework for more desirable mobile application development with extensions to web application development as well. It was published by Facebook in March 2015. React Native is one of the most popular and commonly used cross-platform mobile application development frameworks nowadays. It is used from Android to the development of iOS applications, to Web applications, and even for UWP (Universal Windows Platform).

React Native is a fusion of ReactJS with Native platform capabilities. React Native is influenced by React, so the fundamental notion of the information course is similar to React. It is easy to call and execute Native language functions from React Native (Native modules). Native modules are developed in Objective-C classes that can be available through JavaScript as well. One occurrence of each segment is built as per JavaScript Bridge. They transport arbitrary functions and constants to React Native. The design outlook of a React Native App Development segment is being derived from Native. One of the most extraordinary things about React Native is that it’s “actually” Native. Other JavaScript-for-mobile frameworks encase your JavaScript code in an acclaimed web view. They might re-carry some Native UI code and performance, like the animations, but you still are writing a web app.

React Native is one of the first cross-platform frameworks with lots of Native components and React.js features to be ever-developed. There are various reasons to choose React Native for App development.

The primary agenda of Facebook to build React Native is to support iOS only. But in the following years, Android grew more popular and started to be used not just as an operating system in mobile devices but in TVs so React Native added Android libraries and APIs as well. So to meet the market need, since then React Native is being utilized for both types of mobile operating system applications that are Android and iOS. That too with “code once, execute anywhere approach”.

React Native is created with Native components, React.js and JavaScript. React Native is conceivably one of the most adaptable and resourceful JavaScript frameworks. It permits any front-end web designer to be a compact application developer on the spot. React Native app development gives the freedom to mobile app developers not to an expert of different languages like Kotlin for Android or Swift for iOS because comprehending JavaScript, some local UI components, stage APIs, is all to develop your own applications in React Native.

React Native is all about expeditious web application development and mobile applications development. As React Native contains the majority of the features of React.js more vigorous application execution is granted, and it has Native components which help in better designing the templates with lesser complications.

React Native allows mobile app developers to make applications faster with various ready-to-use components and tools. React Native is modernizing every now and then, which means most of the required solutions will be available soon.

React Native facilitates copying of the code between different platforms. That is the developer needs to write the code once in JavaScript and it can be executed on a different Operating System without being worried about the changes or the programming language barrier.


React Native Mobile App Development vs Native App Development

While comparing two development techniques the two most important questions are – what will be the React Native App Development Cost and will it be time-efficient in comparison to other types? To put you out of your misery, yes, React Native Mobile App Development is far more cost and time effective in comparison to Native App Development. Because there will be a single UI and UX that can be used for multiple platforms.

Hot reloading is real-time monitoring of code even before you get to write the complete application. You can execute a small completed segment of the code in real-time, to check the progress of the application.

React Native developed mobile applications that provide a similar user experience and user interface for both android and iOS users irrespective of the platform. The React Native developed application will have the same features, same UI, same UX, and same outlook.

React Native truly works on the principle of write once, run anywhere. For React Native development for the mobile app, you only need one codebase that can run on any operating system.

Native app development definitely provides better performance because they are built for a particular OS.

UI and UX are much better and of course, provide endless opportunities for updates and changes as per new technologies that won’t be easy for React Native developed applications.

Native mobile applications are more secure because all the security measures are taken into account while developing the application which is confined to a singular platform.

Native apps have top-notch functionality and better access to hardware and other operating system-specified tools.

How to send push notifications to react native app running on an iphone

Guidance for Beginners for React Native App Development

In this section, I am going to walk through you the steps of how to develop your first React Native mobile app. This one is for the beginners level who are not well-aware of the tools and how to use React Native but do know a little bit of JavaScript codebase and are well-versed with React.js library. If you’re looking for simpler techniques to learn React Native mobile app development, you are at the right place.

Download and install Node.js. There are many other ways to set up React Native and use it, but Node.js is one of the easiest ways.


as per the operating system you’re using on your system

’ (this may differ on the basis of windows’ versions, but remains the same for macOS). To check whether ‘npm’ is installed.

Type in the command to browse through your site’s directory. This will be the location where you store your projects.

 is the name that you want to give to your first self-built React Native application.

After the installation of packages and other tools, you’ll get a message on the terminal screen showing the name of the folder where your application is stored.

You can run another command to change the directory name if you want to something easier to memorise. It can be as per your application. The command is “cd ‘app_name’”.

To start the project punch in ‘npm start’. This command will bundle up your package and help in the execution.

Open the directory in your Text Editor (for Mac) and Folder (in Windows).

Open the ‘Visual Studio Code’, if you don’t already have it you can download and install the latest version.

Make sure your Visual Studio Code has App.json and App.js pre-installed.

Set up a simulator or either an emulator so that you can run your React Native mobile app in real-time.

1.  For iOS, you can use Xcode for the simulator

2.  For Android, Android Studio is the best option to set up the emulator.

Punch in your code under App.js in JavaScript and your all set to go. Don’t forget to save the code every now and then.

To run the demonstration of React Native Mobile application developed by you, just fire up the simulator or emulator and all the progress made will be visible in real-time. No need to complicate things by type in the run command.

 and nowadays why developers and businesses are more and more considering to shift to React Native applications development as well. Through this one, I tried to give you a basic understanding of React Native mobile app development and how to build basic, beginners’ level Android and iOS applications through one codebase and not really being worried about not knowing different languages.

Beginners Guide for React Native

APIs are the most obscure feature in today’s digital age. As being tech-savvy, some of you must already aware of the term and the definition as well. But if you’re not a technical person you must have come across the term while reading a blog, or going through your favorite applications’ description or documentation. So before going with the actual question what is an API development, this arises another question what is an API?

This article won’t only tell you about the definition of API or API development but will take on the ride where you discover everything about API from its purpose to its working to the development technique, everything. This article is about the ‘unsung hero’ of the software development world.

API is a short form used for an application programming interface. API is an interface that establishes connections between multiple software programs or a mixture of hardware-software mediators. API specifies the types of calls or requests that should be made, the procedure on ‘how to make the calls/requests’, the data types that must be included and used, etc. APIs are also used for giving the opportunity for extending the already existing functionalities by some in-built functions or some outer inherited or extended functions. An API can be tailor-made, specific to some particular component, or customarily designed as per the industry standards for interoperability with the particular hardware tools and software. An application programming interface is a set of rules and regulations that specify how computers, applications, or a mixture of these two links, communicate and respond with each other.

In simpler words, API is a link or an interface that allows various parts of the software or a mixture of hardware-software to connect and communicate with each other. API is a way to virtually way to connect to sub-parts and activities or resources of an app or software and hence, taking the load of manual work away from the programmer. If you code the complete software from scratch, you going to need some third-party components and even then API will help you.

APIs are one of the more normal ways innovative organizations incorporate. Those that provide and use APIs are considered as being associates of the business biological system.

The primary policies for releasing an API are:

Private APIs or sometimes referred to as internal APIs are designed and developed for a company’s or individual’s personal use and are hidden from all the other users. These are used to share within the business to share and establish a link for inner resources. APIs permit various teams or departments of a business to use one another’s devices, data, projects, and programs. Private APIs provide better security and access control over others.

Public APIs sometimes also referred to as open APIs, are accessible to developers, programmers, and coders with limited restrictions or zero. Usually, Public APIs require you to enroll for free, or either using an API key referred to you or might be totally free for all the app developers. These APIs are usually developed by a community of freelance programmers or IT companies to provide access to data or services or both to all the mobile app developers or web developers out there. The public API program empowers you to build brand mindfulness. Moreover, it additionally permits the developers to get additional pay if appropriately executed.

Partnered APIs are almost like public APIs but with restricted access that is controlled by two companies or businesses that are in partnership and agreement. Usually, these are controlled by a third-party API gateway. These are intended for particular purposes like connecting an app with our relatable applications advertisements.

These are a combination of multiple data and service APIs. These allow the developers and programmers to access several endpoints in one request or call. These APIs are usually useful when the developers need information or data from several different services to perform a single function in an app. Composite APIs help the applications to perform faster and in reducing the load on the server. This also helps in enhancing the performance services of data integration.

Application programming interfaces embody many technical specifications concerning data exchange options and services between different applications or the same sub-activities of the same applications. The applications commune to users by a user interface whereas the applications that need the functionalities of other applications call those applications using the APIs of those applications and also specify how the functionality should be provided in a certain way. After confirming the request is authorized and valid the other application fulfils the request. I know it is a bit confusing to understand for a few of you. Let’s understand this in a simpler way with an example.


Usually, the documentation of every project is a must. For API there is no exception, it is essential to draw an “If This Then this” agreement between two applications stating if application A sends a request, what kind of structure and procedure should be followed, and how application B will respond. The API documentation also consists of information about the working of the API with others and the functions call procedure and the regulations about responding.

A technical world without APIs, will be a chaotic one and not to mention will need lots of manual work from the programmers and developers. The APIs free world will also mean limited functions of all the applications and double the work and time of programmers for rewriting the same piece of code for every application performing the same work. APIs are not exactly the modules that specifically belong to one application or another, which means they are developed individually with general specifications that can be called later with the guidelines by whichever application needs it. And this definitely helps you and all the programmers and developers burden and saves the time of rewriting the same code over and over again.

There are tons of reasons why a business needs API development, some of the most crucial ones are –

APIs not only provide the interface but also control the access, the control of data and information. APIs are programmed in such a way that only authorized and authentic users can perform certain functions and access the data. A well-designed and developed API acts as a shield against all types of attacks and breaches.

With good APIs, you can program your back-end code and develop the app without any worries and independently from the user interface. APIs allow you to work on algorithms as per your brand’s goal and let you launch the app on both the mobile platforms iOS and Android and web. You can even rewrite and redesign your app’s UI using a newer framework without tampering with the actual functioning of the application.

APIs don’t only make developing easy but also make the testing of the app easy before it gets deployed or launched for the public. It also helps to test the UI before the app actually goes into the development phase because once the back-end gets involved testing the UI is the biggest headache, luckily APIs save you from that. And there is also an automated API testing feature.

APIs spare you from the headache of designing and developing everything from scratch, which means faster and reliable development. You can simply integrate all the important features and add data from other applications.

Instead of developing big unitary applications that will be hard to document or test, you can build complex and yet fun applications through all the independent modules available or modules of other applications via APIs.

Most businesses rely on variant sets of software modules and applications to make their one application work. Hence, integrating all the modules together is the best way to let the application function without any delay, and what’s better than the APIs for the integration. Big enterprises like Google, Apple have many of their APIs public but it need not to be the case with you if you’re developing a customized application. A well-designed and developed API obviously lifts the performance of your application up and so can help your business to boom.

APIs let you internally connect with all the new and latest technologies without creating much fuss about rewriting the codes and connections.

APIs help enhance application functionalities which in turn provides a better user experience.

One of the most important positive effect APIs has on developers and programmers that save the extra time they don’t need to spend the extra time programming all the functions and services they can access from other applications via APIs, this saves time and hence, the fast development and faster deployment and more revenue.

Should Every Company/Business needs Its Own API?

Some companies taste success by developing their own APIs that enhance their customers’ experience and UI and let other third-party applications use them and hence bringing fame and revenue. But the actual question is do you need your own API even if you’re starting a software-based business? To be honest, the complexity of developing your own API with all the work and coding for the application for a business that is just starting up or a non-technical founder is a headache. But it’s still good to know when and why API development is needed.

I try to list the important deciding factors that might help you with the question of whether to develop an API for yourself or not.

If your aim is to develop a mobile app, desktop app, and web app, all three.

You want to use and work on modern frameworks and UI/UX design technologies.

If your application deals with a large amount of data that needs to run and load quickly without delaying the process for your users.

In case, you want to access the same data in many different places and ways or maybe applications. Like web app and mobile app both accessing same data and using it.

You want your partners or customers to have access to your application’s data.

Should not consider API development if –

You just considering having a simple one activity or page application without any complexity or heavy traffic.

You are building a temporary application or your application won’t mean to be updated.

If you want to run your application only on a singular platform.

One thing that should never stop you from trying API development is the lack of experience. Hence, the next few sub-topics of this article will walk you through the API development process so said you can be confident enough to develop your own API.

If you’re looking forward to customized API development, there are few terms you should be well aware of –

API key a special code that is passed to the computer programs or software to check the authentication of the user or the developer that is requesting the data or services. The API key is also used for the verification of the calling application.

The end communication touchpoints between the server and an API is called endpoint.

(JavaScript Object Notion) JSON is a specialized data format that is used for APIs to interchange the data or tamper with the information if that how your application going to work. The interchanging can take place between an application and server or between two applications as per the requirement and requests made.

It’s a function that is used to call to request data from the server at a specified resource.

An inline function/program for sending the requested data to the API server to change or update or create a resource.

OAuth is an open-source authorization framework for APIs. OAuth provides more secure and restricted access to the end-users data which can be only accessed by the application with authorization and verification.

Representational State Transfer is a software architectural style that was built to provide the rule and regulation set for designing and development of the architecture for the World Wide Web.

 is a set of rules (protocol) for messaging, specified for exchanging structured data in the implementation of web services and other services in computer networks. 

Latency is defined as the total time taken by an API to process a request that is made and to revert to it.

Rate-limiting in reference to API means the process of controlling and limiting the rate of incoming and outgoing data. It is also referred to as restricting the rate of requests made by end-users.

API throttling means the process by which the usage of APIs by the end-users can be controlled for a particular time period.

There are many tools available for API development. Some of the easiest and most famous tools and products that developers and programmers use for API development are –

Apigee is an API development management tool built by Google. This tool is useful for companies that are updating their applications or facilitating data transfer services between the applications. This is also very useful for 

 that decide to develop connected applications like Facebook and Instagram. 

Dredd is a HyperText testing Protocol (HTTP) API testing framework. Dreed is used to authenticate the description and design of an API in the backend coding.

APIMatic is a developing platform mainly used for website APIs development. But thanks to the advanced technology nowadays this is also used for mobile application APIs development as well. Developers use APIMatic to create SDKs for their APIs for many platforms. It is also useful for keeping the APIs updates in synchronization. This is also used to transform API specifications into multiple other formats such as Swagger, Postman, etc.

Sandbox is a tool that offers fast and easy mock RESTful APIs. It also reduces the risk and the cost linked with using third-party APIs during testing.

Postman is more like a tool that helps the developers to examine the API’s performance by documenting and testing it. It can also reduce the manual work of developers because it can be set to automation.

This is an open-source testing tool, that is available for everyone. It can work cross-platform. This also helps in reducing the manual work by automating both functional and non-functional testing. Developers also use this one for the security and execution of applications.

It is an open-source framework that is used for API development.

What is an API Development? | Complete Guide to API Development

Ruby on Rails(RoR) is one of the popular languages for web development. Ruby is an impeccable programming language that makes the work for developers hassle-free at work. Some big brands such as Hulu, Basecamp, Airbnb, and many more have developed their websites using RoR.

This article deals with the evolution and a bit more details about one of the most preferred programming languages by web developers; Ruby on Rails.

Ruby on Rails is a server-side web application framework written in Ruby, the programming language. It is a Model-View-Control framework. Ruby on Rails provides built-in structures for a database, web-service, and web-pages. It encourages and facilitates the use of web standards such as JSON / XML, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

As it is one of the simplest languages to develop web applications, Ruby on Rails developers are high in demand. Ruby on Rails is easily adaptable to the new changes and grows at a faster rate to meet the ever-changing needs of the users(the developers as well as the end-users).

It is an easy to use framework for e-commerce sites, it provides easy-sharing through integrating the social media networking API’s.

), it greatly influenced and almost overtake web-application development world. It is a close competition to Python, you can always find out which one is better. Its innovative features such as 

 etc. really help in fast application development.

 as an open-source framework without any commit rights of the project, before officially releasing in 

 and it became an instant hit. Ever since 2007 evolution (updation ) of Ruby on Rails is non-stop. 

 released. It got a few new developments in templates, engines, 

 (modular interface between web servers and web applications).

, released August 2011 it had reversible database migrations.

June 2013, witnessed another version released of 

 which had Russian Doll Caching, Live Streamings.

 in April 2014. This updated version had Spring, Variants, Enums.

 was out in December 2014. It got Active Job, asynchronous emails among other features.

 was out it included Action Cable, API mode, and Turbolinks 5.

 was out in August 2016 it included Exclusive use of rails CLI over Rake and support for Ruby version 2.2.2.

 released with JavaScript integration changes.

was out in April 2018 with new features like ActiveStorage, built-in Redis Cache Store etc.

 which is currently being used was released in August 2019. This version makes Webpack default, adds mailbox routing, a default online rich-text editor was added, parallel testing was implemented to make it easy for the 

, multiple database support was another important add-on among others.

Ruby on Rails – Framework for Big Brand Names

As being, one of the best framewo0rk for web application development. Ruby on Rails is adopted by many big brands. Some of them are built on it and some adapted it for their products. But in either way, it’s Ruby on Rails everywhere. 

 built amazing web applications that can be easily updated and widely used. 


https://4waytechnologies.com/blog/how-to-deploy-your-webos-app-for-the-lg-content-store/

 and the iPhone configuration web-utility the tool used in iPhones is written in Rails, this allows business customers to operate the Apple smartphones easily. 


 it’s web-interface uses Rails framework. 

, the online marketplace for renting space) uses Ruby on Rails for API frameworks and as “glue” for uniting the front-end and back-end services together.

Airbnb, the online marketplace for renting space

 uses Ruby on Rails for API frameworks and as 

 for uniting the front-end and back-end services together. 

major website part is written using the Ruby on Rails framework.

This is how Ruby on Rails evolved into the website development world from being just another framework to being the most used framework for the big-brands.

https://4waytechnologies.com/blog/introduction-to-samsung-smart-tv/

What are the Advantages of Ruby on Rails?

We hope you will find this blog helpful. After going through this blog, we understand that if you are looking for a framework that has capabilities of saving money, time and building secure websites, then Ruby on Rails is an outstanding framework for you. Contact 

, world’s leading Ruby on Rails development company for better and robust RoR-based products.

Ruby on Rails Evolution

While using any language you often, come across a situation where you want to copy one object into another.

supports two different types of methods for copying the objects or arrays –

 support and use both of these methods according to their needs.

Before, going further and explaining the two methods and their differences, let’s understand 

In deep copying, copying occurs recursively, first constructing a new object then recursively populating it with copies. In this, copying of all fields takes place first and then making copies of dynamically allocated memory pointed to by the fields. Unlike shallow copy, deep copy doesn’t make changes made in one object to reflect back in another object.

Shallow copying is a field by field copy of an object i.e bit-wise copying. All the fields of an object copy in the same sequence to another object. If a field value is a reference to an object(for example a memory address) it copies the reference and if the field value is a primitive type it copies the value.

As you have understood the meaning and difference between 

 copying let’s discuss the method used for both types of copying. 

Prototype – angular.copy(source, destination);

Shallow Copying is achieved by angular.extend().

Prototype – angular.extend(destination, source);

angular.copy() is used to copy attributes from one object to another, just to have a duplicate of the original object; the changes made in the original or duplicate object won’t be reflected back. That is, the original and the duplicate data both will be safe. This method is useful when you want to keep both the old state and the new state of any object or an array.

EmployeeDetails_Original.Obj== EmployeeDetails_Duplicate.Obj

The main motive of MEAN Stack Developers to use this method is to keep the original data safe.

angular.extend() is used to make a shallow copy of the object. If we copy the attributes using this method the changes made in the copied object or array will be reflected in the original or vice versa. You can specify multiple source_objects. If you want to keep the attributes of the original object, you can do that by passing an empty object as the target.

This method is useful in many cases where you want to change the parent object as well as the copied object. It is mostly used during Custom 

where the changes made should be reflected back on

{Name : ‘Adam’, Age : 23, Profession: ‘Designer’,Schooling: = ‘Harvard-Westlake School’, University: = ‘University of Cambridge’, Obj: Object}

“EmployeeDetails_Original.Obj == EmployeeDetails_Duplicate.Obj”

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